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21CR Project Reports

(Updated 9/10/07)

The reports below were prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI), with financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Energy (under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC05-99OR22674), the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, the Copper Development Association, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the California Energy Commission (under contract 400-99-020) , the Refrigeration Service Engineers Society, and the Heating Refrigeration Air-Conditioning Institute of Canada. Neither ARTI, its financial supporters, or any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, subcontractors or employees thereof - makes any warranty, expressed of implied; assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, appropriateness, any third party’s use of, or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in the reports; or represents that the use of the reports would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessary constitute nor imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by ARTI or its financial supporters or any agency thereof or their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of ARTI, its financial supporters, or any agency thereof, or any of their employees.

Steering Committee

Emerging Technologies

HVAC&R Energy Efficiency

  • Evaluating the Ability of Unitary Equipment to Maintain Adequate Space Humidity Levels
    Michael J. Brandemuehl, Thosapon Katejanekarn, 2001
    (Project 605-20010) Posted with permission from ASHRAE.
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 2.98MB)
  • Evaluating the Ability of Unitary Equipment to Maintain Adequate Space Humidity Levels - Phase II
    Michael J. Witte, PhD, Robert H. Henninger, 2006
    (Project 605-20011) Posted with permission from ASHRAE.
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 1.59MB) | Appendices
  • An Assessment of the State-of-the-Art and Potential Design Improvements, for Flat-tube Heat Exchangers in Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications - Phase I
    A.M. Jacobi, Y. Park, D. Tafti, X. Zhang, 2001
    (Project 605-20020)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 2.68MB) | Related Research
  • Flat-Tube Heat Exchangers in Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications - Phase II
    A.M. Jacobi, Y. Park, Y. Zhong, G. Michna, Y. Xia, 2005
    (Project 611-20021)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 5.81MB)
  • Application of High-Temperature Mold Materials to Die Cast Copper Motor Rotor for Improved Efficiency
    (Project 605-20030)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary
    Dale T. Peters, John G. Cowie, Edwin F. Brush, Jr., Stephen P. Midson, 2003
    Economical Copper Rotor Production (pdf, 281KB)
    Edwin F. Brush, Jr., John G. Cowie, Dale T. Peters, Darryl J. Van Son, 2003
    Motor Test Results, Copper vs. Aluminum     (pdf, 260KB)
  • Refrigerant Evaporation Characteristics Inside Flat Passages
    John R. Thome, Jesus Moreno Quiben, 2005
    (Project 605-20040)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 3.15MB)
  • Potential Benefits of Smart Refrigerant Distributors
    W. Vance Payne, Piotr A. Domanski, 2003
    (Project 610-20050)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 4.33MB)
  • High Condensing Temperature Heat Transfer Performance of Low Critical Temperature Refrigerants
    Dr. Srinivas Garimella, 2006
    (Project 610-20060)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 3.87MB)

  • Variable Primary Flow Chilled Water Systems: Potential Benefits and Application Issues
    William P. Bahnfleth, Ph.D., P.E. & Eric Peyer, 2004
    (Project 611-20070)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Reports (Volume 1) (pdf, 1.75MB) | Appendices (Volume 2) (pdf, 3.66MB)
  • Critical Literature Review on Lubricant Influence in Refrigerant Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
    Bo Shen, Eckhard A. Groll, 2003
    (Project 611-20080)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 954KB)
  • ASHRAE Project 1292: Comparison of the Total Energy Consumption of Series vs. Parallel Fan Powered VAV Terminal Units Phase I Development of Models for Series and Parallel Fan Variable Air Volume Terminal Units
    James C. Furr, Jr.; Dennis L. O'Neal; Michael Davis; John A. Bryant; and Andrew Cramlet, 2007
    Phase 2 Comparison of the Total Energy Consumption of Series versus Parallel Fan Powered VAV Terminal Units
    Michael Davis; John A. Bryant; Dennis L. O'Neal; Aaron Hervey; and Andrew Cramlet, 2007
    Posted with permission from ASHRAE.
    (Project 612-20090)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (Phase 1) | Final Report (Phase 2)
  • Properties and Cycle Performance of Refrigerant Blends Operating Near and Above the Refrigerant Critical Point
    Mark O. McLinden, Arno Laesecke, Eric W. Lemmon, Joseph W. Magee, Richard A. Perkins, 2002
    (Project 605-50010)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary (Part 1) | Final Report (Part 1) (pdf, 718KB)
    Appendix A | Appendix B
    Piotr A. Domanski, W. Vance Payne, 2002
    Executive Summary (Part 2) | Final Report (Part 2) (pdf, 6.95MB)
  • Investigation of R-410A Air Conditioning System Performance Operating at Extreme Ambient Temperatures up to the Refrigerant Critical Point - ORNL
    C. Keith Rice, 2005
    (Project 605-50015)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 610KB)
  • Add-on Effort to ASHRAE 1073-RP: Determination of Refrigerant Lower Flammability Limits in Compliance with Proposal Addendum 34p to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34
    David P. Wilson, Ph.D., Robert G. Richard, 2002
    (Project 605-50020) Copyright 2002. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. This posting is by permission from ASHRAE Transactions 2002, Volume 108, Part 2. This paper may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or digital form without the expressed or written consent of ASHRAE. Contact ASHRAE at www.ashrae.org
    Project Summary | Final Report (pdf, 335KB)
  • Assessment of the Commercial Implications of ASHRAE A3 Flammable Refrigerants Used in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems
    William Goetzler, John Dieckmann, 2001
    (Project 610-50025)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 2.51MB)
  • Study of the Effects of Water in Synthetic Lubricant Systems and Clathrate Formation
    Ngoc Dung T. Rohatgi, 2001
    (Project 610-50035)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 1.60MB)
  • Development of a Reproducible Screening Method to Determine the Mechanism and Effect of Organic Acids and other Contaminants on the Corrosion of Aluminum-finned Copper-tube Heat Exchanger Coils
    Richard A. Corbett, Dave Severance, 2005
    (Project 611-50055)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 1.41MB)
  • Using Acid Number as a Leading Indicator of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System Performance
    Dennis Cartlidge, Hans Schellhase, 2003
    (Project 611-50060)
    Project Summary | Executive Summary | Final Report (pdf, 1MB)

System Integration & Indoor Environmental Quality




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